Studying: Reproductive Morphology-> fruit

First, let’s start with

Fruit Parts

• Carpel- the single member of a compound pistil
• Carpel wall- the portion of the ovary that surrounds the locale
  • Locule- the chamber within the ovary that contains the seeds
  • Endocarp- the part of the carpel wall that encloses the locule
    • Endo=inner
  • Mesocarp- the portion of the carpel wall that is between the endocarp and exocarp
    • This is the middle portion and is fleshy.
    • Meso=middle
  • Exocarp- the outermost layer of the carpel wall
    • Exo=outside

Fruit types

• Dry- a fruit that lacks moisture at maturity
  • Example: nuts
  • Dehiscent- a fruit that opens to release seeds once they are fully mature on their own.
    • For example: walnuts and pecans
    • Follicle- opens along one suture or seem
      • Example: milkweed
    • Legume- opens along two sutures
      • Example: peanuts and snap peas
    • Silique- opens along two sutures but the septum remains
      • For example: oleander
    • Capsule- opens along three or more sutures
      • For example: crape Myrtle
      • Locucidal- sutures forms within the locule
      • Septacidal- a structure forms along the septum
      • Porocidal- forms as pores at the top of each locule
  • Indehiscent- a fruit that does not open to release the seed on it’s own and requires help.
    • For example: sunflower
    • Achene- one sided pericarp
      • For example: sunflower
      • Samara- winged achene
      • For example: maple trees and ash trees
    • Nut- one sided fruit, entire pericarp is stony
      • For example: acorn
• Fleshy- a fruit that contains moisture at maturity
  • Berry- entire pericarp is fleshy
    • Multiple seeds in flesh
    • For example: bananas, papayas and blue berries
  • Drupe- endocarp is stony
    • Has pits
    • For example: peaches, plums and prunes
  • Hesperidium- exocarp is leathery
    • Exclusively citrus
    • For example: mandarins, oranges, lemons and limes
  • Accessory Fruits- are fruits forked from structures other than the ovary
    • Pepo- fruit is formed by joining of the ovary with the epidermis
      • For example: gourds, cucumbers, watermelons, melons and cantaloupe
    • Pome- fruit formed from the fusion of the ovary with the hypanthium
      • For example: apple
      • Pomme means Apple in french
• • Aggregate fruits- fruits that formed from the fusion of multiple pistils within a single flower
    • For example: blackberries and raspberries
  • Multiple fruits- fruits formed from the fusion of an inflorescence
    • Cluster of flowers
    • For example: pineapple

Well here we go. Noting until class starts… I’m going to keep going.

Until next time

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